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Flag of Breda

Breda is a city in North Brabant, Netherlands. In the 11th century, Breda became a direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor, and it was granted city status in 1252. The Orangists came to rule over Breda in 1403, and they built palatial residences in the old quarter of the city. In 1534, a fire destroyed nine-tenths of the city, and, in July 1581, over 500 Dutch civilians were massacred when the Spanish captured the city during the Dutch Revolt. In 1590, Maurice of Orange recaptured Breda, and it was recaptured by the Spanish in 1625 and then by the Dutch in 1637. In 1648, the Peace of Westphalia ceded Breda to the United Provinces. In 1660, while King Charles II of England was in exile in Breda, he released a proclamation which promised that, if restored to the English throne, his rule would be moderate; this Proclamation was followed by the Restoration shortly after. On 28 October 1944, during World War II, the Polish 1st Armored Division liberated Breda from Nazi Germany during Operation Pheasant, and a Polish military cemetery was established at Breda. In 2019, Breda had a population of 183,873 people.

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