The Bourbon Restoration, also known simply as the Restoration, was a period in the history of Spain, between the fall of the First Spanish Republic in 1874 to a military coup which saw the restoration of the House of Bourbon, and the creation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. It was an attempt to end nearly a century of political instability in Spain since the wars of Napoleon, but large segments of Spanish society remained isolated due to electoral fraud that was used by the government. The Restoration also saw the loss of the remaining colonies of the Spanish Empire during the Spanish-American War of 1898. Additional heavy losses in Morocco from local tribesmen waging a successful guerrilla war against the Spanish Army contributed to the public's negative view of the government. The rise of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera in the 1920s led to excessive government spending which ultimately bankrupted Spain, and made the people's view of the monarchy that backed Rivera even worse. Rivera resigned in 1930 and King Alfonso XIII's attempts to create a new government failed, leading the Spanish sovereign to being forced to flee the country in 1931. This ultimately led to the Spanish Civil War which began in 1936 and saw the rise of Francisco Franco.