Anti-white graffiti from the Black Lives Matter protests in Richmond, Virginia
Black supremacism is a racial supremacist belief which holds that Black people are superior to people of other races. In 1935, the Rastafarian philosopher Leonard Howell advocated for the destruction of white governments due to their failure to protect Black people, inspired by the earlier book called the Royal Parchment Scroll of Black Supremacy of the 1920s. The rise of Black nationalism and the Nation of Islam in the 1960s led to the growth of Black supremacist groups hostile to Martin Luther King Jr.'s anti-racist activism (King himself warned against both Black and white supremacism); among them were the Nation of Islam itself (which claimed that whites were a race of devils invented by an evil scientist, Yakub), the Black Hebrew Israelites (who claimed to be the descendants of the "true" Israelites, and that the Jews were evil impostors), and the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors (who claimed that whites were devils whose skin pigmentation was caused by the lack of a heart and soul).