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The Black Liberation Army (BLA) was a Black Power revolutionary organization in the United States which was active from 1970 to 1981. The Black Panther Party was decimated by police and FBI sabotage by 1970, with many of its leaders being imprisoned or killed (such as Fred Hampton), and its remaining members engaging in infighting. In 1970, after Eldridge Cleaver was expelled from the BPP central committee for advocating for armed struggle in spite of Huey P. Newton's view that armed struggle would only continue to alienate the African-American community, extremist Black Power revolutionaries joined Cleaver in forming the Black Liberation Army. The BLA identified as anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, anti-racist, and anti-sexist, supported Black self-determination, and supported class struggle to abolish oppressive systems. From 1970 to 1976, the BLA engaged in 70 violent incidents, murdering 13 police officers, as well as engaging in bank robberies, prison breaks, and the killing of drug dealers. In 1972, five BLA members hijacked Delta Air Lines Flight 841 en route from Detroit to Miami, and the BLA's leader Assata Shakur was arrested in 1973 for murdering an NJSP state trooper on the New Jersey Turnpike. Following the failed 1981 Brinks armored car robbery, the BLA collapsed, with some of its former leaders becoming prominent anarchists. Fred Hampton Jr. later became a leader of the "New Black Liberation Militia".

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