The Belarusian Socialist Assembly was a socialist political party in Belarus that was founded in 1902. The party had branches in Minsk, Vilna, and St. Petersburg, and the BSA advocated for Belarusian independence from the Russian Empire. After the February Revolution of 1917, the BSA's political activity increased, and it led the council of the short-lived Belarusian National Republic in 1918. The party was opposed by the Russian Bolsheviks, who viewed the party as a "nationalist petty bourgeois party of left populist orientation", counter-revolutionary, and anti-Soviet. After the Polish-Soviet War, many BSA activists found themselves in Poland, where they continued the struggle for autonomy.
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