The Battle of Lowczowek was a battle of the Eastern Front of World War I which was fought in southern Poland in December 1914 before a Polish brigade of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Imperial Russian Army. The Russian retreat following the Battle of Limanowa was followed by a counterattack by General Radko Dimitriev's Russian 3rd Army near Lowczow and Lowczowek, between Austria-Hungary's 3rd and 4th Armies. Jozef Pilsudski's First Brigade of the Polish Legions, supported by Hungarian infantry and Austrian artillery, held back the developing Russian offensive at Lowczowek, bravely holding their ground so that the Austro-Hungarian armies could avoid encirclement, before retreating to avoid encirclement themselves.