The Battle of Carham was fought in 1018 when a Scottish-Brythonic army under King Malcolm II of Scotland decisively defeated an English army at Carham on the River Tees.
History[]
After the assassination of Earl Uhtred the Bold of Northumbria in 1016, his brother Eadulf Cudel succeeded him. Eadulf had a reputation for being "lazy", and, in 1018, he was unprepared when a combined Scottish-Brythonic army under King Malcolm II of Scotland invaded northern England. Eadulf led an army to fight the Scots, but his army, drawn from between the Tees and the Tweed, was annihilated at the ford of Carham on the River Tees. Afterwards, Eadulf could expect no avenging expedition. As a result of the defeat, Eadulf was forced to sign a humiliating peace treaty with the Scots, ceding the remaining Anglo-Saxon territories in Lothian which had not been granted to Scotland in the earlier 973 AD treaty (which had delivered the majority of Lothian to the Scots). Over the next few centuries, great English kings such as Canute and William the Conqueror never attempted to reconquer Lothian, which is today still a part of Scotland.