The Battle of Aleppo occurred in November 2024 when the Islamist Tahrir al-Sham militant group and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army captured the city of Aleppo from the Syrian Arab Army amid Operation Deterrence of Aggression.
On 27 November 2024, the Syrian rebels broke out of Idlib Governorate and quickly overwhelmed government positions across northwestern Syria in the first attack of its kind since March 2020. Rebels seized 70 cities in Idlib and Aleppo Governorates, and, on 29 November, the rebels approached the outskirts of Aleppo. The rebels entered the Hamdaniyah and New Aleppo neighborhoods of the city after carrying out a double car bombing, and they went on to capture five more districts by the end of the day. By midnight, the main square of Aleppo had fallen to tthe rebels. Rebel shelling hit student housing in the University of Aleppo, killing four people. On 30 November, the rebels captured the Citadel of Aleppo and the government headquarters in the city, as well as more than half of Aleppo. Government troops retreated toward as-Safirah, and government forces and Iranian militias remained in control of a few neighborhoods in northeastern Aleppo until they withdrew to organize a counterattack. The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces took advantage of the government withdrawal to occupy Aleppo International Airport and the Shaykh Najjar district, but they abandoned the airport to the rebels that evening. As government forces began to organize a counterattack, Russian warplanes bombed rebel positions in the city.