The Astrakhan Khanate was a Tatar rump state of the Golden Horde that ruled over the mouth of the Volga river from 1466 to 1556. Founded by Mahmud bin Kuchuk, the the khanate was named after the capital of Xacitarxan (Hajji Tarkhan, or Astrakhan), and its population consisted of Tatars and Nogais. The khanate had military and diplomatic relations with the Crimean Khanate, the Nogai Horde, and the Circassians before establishing contact with Muscovy in 1532. In 1551, Yamghurchi of Astrakhan rebelled against Russian overlordship, resulting in Ivan the Terrible destroying the capital in 1556 and destroying the largest slave market on the Volga.
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