Ashikaga Ujitoshi (died 5 May 1862) was a Japanese samurai in the service of the Tosa Domain who guarded Kochi Castle during the Bakumatsu period. In May 1862, he and several other samurai mistook Sakamoto Ryoma for the murderer of Yoshida Toyo, and Ryoma was forced to slay several of them as he fought his way out of the castle.