Andrew Jackson Caldwell (22 July 1837-22 November 1906) was a member of the US House of Representatives (D-TN 6) from 4 March 1883 to 3 March 1887, succeeding John F. House and preceding Joseph E. Washington. Born in Montevallo, Alabama, he was raised in Nashville, Tennessee, and he worked as a teacher before studying law in Trenton. He served in the 1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment during the American Civil War, after which he became a lawyer, state legislator, and congressman.