
Andres Avelino Caceres (10 November 1836-10 October 1923) was President of Peru from 3 June 1886 to 10 August 1890 (succeeding Miguel Iglesias and preceding Remigio Morales Bermudez) and from 10 August 1894 to 20 March 1895 (succeeding Justiniano Borgono and preceding Manuel Candamo).
Biography[]
Andres Avelino Caceres was born in Ayacucho, Peru in 1836, the son of a landowner. He joined the Peruvian Army in 1854 and fought in Ramon Castilla's liberal revolution in 1854 before rising through the ranks of the military. He fought against Ecuador in 1859, Spain during the 1860s, in Mariano Ignacio Prado's revolution, against Tomas Gutierrez's coup, and in the War of the Pacific. Caceres defeated the Chileans at the Battle of Tarapaca in November 1879, and he reorganized the Southern Army before being defeated at the 1880 Battle of Tacna. He was wounded while defending Lima, and he escaped to the countryside on the capital's fall in January 1881 and carried on guerrilla warfare until his defeat at the Battle of Huamachuco in July 1883. After the war, he refused to recognize Miguel Iglesias as President and deposed him in June 1886. He attracted foreign creditors by selling off its railways and guano concession, and he solved Peru's external debt problem while using private capital to fund railway growth. He left office in 1890, and his handpicked successor Remigio Morales Bermudez succeeded him. He was re-elected in 1894, but allegations of electoral fraud led Nicolas de Pierola to rebel. Rebel forces sacked Lima in March 1895, and Caceres resigned and was replaced by a government junta. He went into exile in Argentina until 1899, and he later served as Ambassador to Italy from 1905 to 1911 and to the German Empire and Austria-Hungary from 1911 to 1914. Caceres backed Augusto B. Leguia's seizure of power, and he was made a Marshal in 1919 before dying in 1923.