Ajo Viejo was a Mexican settlement located on the site of present-day Ajo, Pima County, Arizona. The area's name comes from the O'odham word o'oho, meaning "plant", and Ajo was the site of a deserted Spanish mine before a group of Californio refugees led by Captain Agustin Diaz settled in the area following the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848. In 1853, these settlers took up arms against the American settlers of Sierra Vista in the Ajo Rebellion, driving out the Americans and enabling them to settle in the region in peace until the US Army later secured the region for the Arizona Territory.
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