The 20th New York Infantry Regiment, also known as the United Turner Rifles, was a Union Army regiment from New York which was active from 29 April 1861 to 1 June 1863 during the American Civil War. Organized by Colonel Max Weber in New York City, the regiment was raised from among the German immigrant "Turner" gymastic and liberal (Republican-supporting) clubs of Manhattan, and it also included companies from Newark, Brooklyn, Albany, and Poughkeepsie. The 20th New York first served in North Carolina before being transferred to the Army of the Potomac and fighting at the Battle of Antietam under Colonel Ernst von Vegesack (its previous colonel Francis Weiss considered his men too "socialistic"). The regiment incurred heavy losses but received praise from its superior officers, redeeming itself for its earlier humiliating defeat at the Battle of White Oak Swamp during the Peninsula Campaign. The regiment's last battle was the 1863 Battle of Salem Church, during which it suffered heavy losses. It was mustered out in New York on 1 June 1863, having lost 61 officers in battle and 58 to disease.