The 1st Rockbridge Artillery was a Confederate States Army light artillery battery from Rockbridge County, Virginia which was active from 29 April 1861 to 9 April 1865. The 70 men of the 1st Rockbridge Artillery were organized by Virginia Military Institute professor John McCausland at the start of the American Civil War, and William N. Pendleton took command of the unit and led it as part of the Army of Northern Virginia. It fought at the First Battle of Bull Run, the Seven Days Battles, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Siege of Petersburg. The 1st Rockbridge Artillery surrendered at Appomattox on 9 April 1865.