Henry IV of Germany

Henry IV of Germany (1040-1106), also called Emperor Heinrich the Chivalrous, was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1056 to 1106.

Biography
Henry IV of Germany became king of Germany at the age of sixteen, of the Salian Frank dynasty. He was a champion of honour and religiously proper, yet he fell afoul of Pope Gregory VIII, who tried to wrest away all of his power in the Investiture crisis. He became a fierce rival of the Pope and his Guelph allies of the Duchy of Milan and the Duchy of Florence, and seized the city of Florence in an assault in 1082. Henry was rarely in Germany, starting the year 1080 in the city of Bologna, his fortress in northern Italy. From there, he campaigned against the Papal States and their allies.