Cossack Hetmanate

The Cossack Hetmanate was a cossack state in central Ukraine that existed from 1649 to 1764, with Hlukhiv serving as its capital. The party was founded by Zaporozhian Sich hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648-57, and the hetmanate became a protectorate of Russia in 1654 in reaction to the Crimean Khanate's third betrayal of the Cossacks and the inability of the Ottomans to support them against Poland-Lithuania. From 1657 to 1687, the hetmanate was engulfed in a series of civil wars. In 1667, a treaty between Russia and Poland divided the hetmanate in half along the Dnieper, putting the Zaporozhian Sich under joint Russian and Polish administration. In 1708, Ivan Mazepa led a failed attempt to break the union with Russia, leading to cossack autonomy being severely restricted. In 1764, Queen Catherine the Great abolished the hetmanate and absorbed it into the Little Russia Governorate.