New Jewel Movement

The New Jewel Movement (with "Jewel" standing for "Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation") was a Marxist-Leninist socialist party in Grenada that was founded on 11 March 1973 by Maurice Bishop. It was founded a year before Grenadian independence, and from 1979 to 1983 it ruled the party. However, a 1983 split between party leaders Bishop and Bernard Coard led to Bishop's assassination and Hudson Austin becoming the new Prime Minister. This led to Operation Urgent Fury, the United States invasion of Grenada, and the New Jewel Movement was dissolved and its leaders arrested for Bishop's murder.