Kingdom of Etruria

The Kingdom of Etruria was a client kingdom of the First French Empire that existed from 1801 to 1807, with Florence serving as its capital. The kingdom was created under the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso after Napoleon Bonaparte agreed to compensate Duke Ferdinand of Parma for the loss of the Duchy of Parma by granting his son Louis control of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, now known as the "Kingdom of Etruria". Louis died young in 1803, and his underage son succeeded him as "Louis II of Etruria"; his mother Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca served as his regent. Since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage, the First French Empire annexed the kingdom, and it was integrated into France in 1807 as the departments of Arno, Mediteranee, and Ombrone.