Nazim Pasha

Nazim Pasha (1848-23 January 1913) was Chief-of-Staff of the Ottoman Army during the First Balkan War. He was assassinated in 1913 in the Raid on the Sublime Porte.

Biography
Nazim Pasha was born in 1848, and he attended the Saint-Cyr Military Academy in France under Ferdinand Foch, later remodelling the Ottoman Army after meeting with General Colmar von der Goltz from the German Empire. He decided that the Ottomans should stay on the defensive if a war with any of the new countries in the Balkans was to take place at Vardar and Thrace, but in 1912 he abandoned his policy during the First Balkan War and led the Ottomans into a catastrophe. Only 300,000 Ottoman troops were mobilized to face several Balkan countries, and the Ottoman Empire was defeated.

On 23 January 1913, Pasha was gunned down by the Committee of Union and Progress in the Raid on the Sublime Porte, the coup that led to the "Three Pashas" taking control over the government. His death was avenged when the committee's vizier Mahmud Shevket Pasha was murdered as well.