Frederick Lugard

Frederick Dealtry Lugard, Baron Lugard of Abinger (22 January 1858-11 April 1945) was Governor of Hong Kong from 29 July 1907 to 16 March 1912, succeeding Matthew Nathan and preceding Francis Henry May, and Governor-General of Nigeria from 1 January 1914 to 8 August 1919, preceding Hugh Clifford.

Biography
Frederick Lugard was born in Madras, India in 1858, and he was educated at Rossall School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He gained an army commission in 1878, and having served in various countries, he joined the East African Company in 1889. He persuaded the British govenrment to make Uganda a protectorate in 1894, and then moved to Nigeria to work for the Royal Niger Company. There, in 1898, he raised the West African Frontier Force, which prevented French and German expansion in the area, and defeated the Fulani. He then established the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Lugard was Hong Kong's governor from 1907 to 1912, but returned to Nigeria in 1912, serving as its governor from 1914 to 1919, having created a single colony from the northern and southern protectorates. Always commanding only a tiny military force of Europeans, he depended on negotiations with and use of existing traditional power structures. Though this approach was by no means original, his writings on the subject ensured that this system became almost universally adopted throughout the British Empire by 1940. From 1922 to 1936, he was a senior member of the League of Nations Permanent Mandates Commission. He died in 1945.