Atropatene

Atropatene was an ancient Iranian kingdom that existed from 323 BC to the 3rd century AD, with Ganzaga serving as its capital. It refused to pay allegiance to Seleucus after the division of Alexander the Great's empire, becoming an independent kingdom. The Atropates dynasty ruled Atropatene for several centuries, but they later became vassals of the Parthian Empire, which annexed Atropatene during the 3rd century AD and turned it into a satrapy.