Frederick Chiluba

Frederick Chiluba (30 April 1943-18 June 2011) was President of Zambia from 2 November 1991 to 2 January 2002, succeeding Kenneth Kaunda and preceding Levy Mwanawasa.

Biography
Frederick Chiluba was born in Kitwe, Northern Rhodesia on 30 April 1943. He worked on a sisal plantation and rose to become a financial amnager. As a convinced socialist he was educated in Moscow and East Germany before returning to become active for the trade union ZCTU (Zambia Copper Trade Union), whose president he became in 1974. In 1981, he refused Kenneth Kaunda's offer to join his cabinet as his Minister of Labor, and he was subsequently imprisoned for a short period. He resigned from his post in the ZCTU in 1990 in order to lead the newly-founded Movement for a Multi-party Democracy (MMD). In the elections of 1991, he was elected President with 64.4% of the vote. Having gradually abandoned his communist views. He rejected Kaunda's socialist policies and liberalized the economy, but he failed to stop the escalating crime and poverty in Zambia. He was investigated for corruption until his 2009 acquittal, and he died in 2011.