Antigonus II Mattathias

Antigonus II Mattathias (died 37 BC) was King of Judea and High Priest of Israel from 40 BC to 37 BC, succeeding Hyrcanus II and preceding Herod the Great as king and Ananelus as High Priest. He was a puppet king installed by the Parthians, and he was executed by the Roman general Mark Antony after he captured Jerusalem in 37 BC.

Biography
Antigonus Mattathias was the second son of Aristobulus II, the deposed king of Judea, and the nephew of Hyrcanus II. He and his father, who were imprisoned by Pompey in 63 BC, escaped from captivity in Rome in 57 BC and returned to Judea. Antigonus saw his uncle Hyrcanus as a pawn of Antipater the Idumaean, and he attempted to overthrow him with the help of the Romans. In 42 BC, his attempt to seize power was defeated. However, he promised the Parthians large sums of gold and 500 female slaves in exchange for their assistance in overthrowing Hyrcanus, and they put 500 warriors at his disposal. In 40 BC, he overthrew his uncle and had his ears mutilated to prevent him from serving as High Priest, and he was proclaimed as both King and High Priest by his Parthian overlords. That same year, however, the Roman general Mark Antony had the Roman Senate recognize Herod the Great as the rightful king, and, in 38 BC, Herod wrested control of most of Judea. Antony and Herod's forces captured Jerusalem in 37 BC, and Antigonus was taken to Antioch and executed, ending Hasmonean rule and ushering in the notorious Herodian dynasty.