Lucca

The Republic of Lucca (1160-1847) was an Italian city-state founded when it gained independence from Tuscany. Lucca was a Catholic oligarchic republic, and was occupied by Pisa from 1342 to 1368, and again by the First French Republic in 1799. In 1805 it became a duchy of the French Empire and joined the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1847.