Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia was a South American state that existed from 1821 to 1831, with Bogota serving as its capital. The country's boundaries encompassed present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru, as well as parts of western Guyana and northwest Brazil. The new nation was proclaimed shortly after Simon Bolivar's successful liberation of New Granada from the Spanish, and its politics was dominated by the aristocratic criollo elite. Clashes between centralization and federalism led to the disintegration of the country, which fought against a rebellious Peru from 1828 to 1829. As a result of the conflict, Gran Colombia dissolved, breaking up into numerous, politically-unstable countries.