Kingdom of Croatia

The Kingdom of Croatia (925-1868) was a state that existed on the Dalmatia coast of the Balkans from the Medieval to Imperial eras. With its capital at Zagreb, Croatia was only independent until 1097, when it was conquered (and entered a personal union with) by Hungary. It became the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1868 when Austria-Hungary was formed.

History
King Tomislav I of Croatia became the first King of Croatia in 925, uniting the Croatian tribes. Croatia was centered on the city of Zagreb in Dalmatia, and remained independent for many years, fighting off Bulgars and the Byzantine Empire. However, in 1097 Coloman I of Hungary invaded Croatia and defeated the Croatian king Petru Svacicu at the Battle of Gvozd Mountain. King Peter II was killed in battle, and Croatia became a part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

In 1526, Croatia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire briefly, before it was restored to Hungary when Hungary accepted client status of the Ottomans. It later became a part of the Habsburg lands, and was managed by Austria until 1868, when it was united with other lands to become the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.