July Revolution

The July Revolution occurred on 26-29 July 1830 when King Charles X of France's absolute monarchy was overthrown by the liberal Orleanists, who established a constitutional monarchy with Louis-Philippe of France as its king. Popular opinion had turned against the king after he imposed the death sentence on sacrilegious people, and 221 deputies attempted to vote him out of power; Charles suspended the parliament for two months. Angered by King Charles' tyranny, the people rose against the Legitimists, and King Charles ordered Marshal Auguste Marmont to crush the uprising. Marmont planned to defend the key buildings, thoroughfares, and bridges of Paris from the rebels, but there were not enough troops or provisions to do so, and many soldiers deserted to the revolutionaries. On 29 July 1830, Duke Louis-Philippe of Orleans entered the Tuileries Palace and set up a provisional government, establishing himself as the ruler of a constitutional monarchy in France. The uprising inspired revolutions in Belgium, Poland, and Italy, and Belgium would become an independent nation.