Napoleon III

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (20 April 1808-9 January 1873) was the President of the Second French Republic from 20 December 1848 to 2 December 1852 and Emperor of the Second French Empire from 2 December 1852 to 9 January 1873. Napoleon came to power after the French Revolution of 1848, during which the French people overthrew King Louis-Philippe of France and created a new republic. In 1851, he learned that he was ineligible to run for re-election, so he led his Bonapartists in a coup and became the emperor of the Second Empire. Napoleon increased the civil liberties of the French people, granted women more rights, doubled the size of France's colonial empire, and rebuilt Paris, but he was overthrown after he was captured by Prussia at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1873.