Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is a state in northern India, with Srinagar serving as its summer capital and Jammu as its winter capital. It was admitted to India on 26 October 1947 after the Hindu Maharajah of Kashmir and Jammu, Hari Singh, made the controversial decision to join India against the wishes of his Muslim-majority population (77% in 1941), which sought to join Pakistan. This led to the start of the violent Kashmir conflict in 1947, and India and Pakistan fought three wars for control of Kashmir; they ultimately divided it with the "Line of Control", separating Indian Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. Since the 1990s, Kashmir has been the site of a deadly separatist and Islamist insurgency, with Kashmiri militants crossing the Line of Control from their bases in Pakistan to wage guerrilla war on the Indian authorities. In 2011, Jammu and Kashmir had a population of 12,541,302 people.