Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was the Yugoslav state in the Balkans that existed from 29 November 1945 to 27 April 1992, with Belgrade serving as its capital. The republic's formation dated back to the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia, which was formed on 26 November 1942 with the goal of resisting the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia during World War II. Josip Broz Tito's communist Yugoslav Partisans liberated Yugoslavia from the Axis forces during the war and established a communist government in the country, which was federalized into six socialist republics (SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia, and SR Slovenia) and two socialist autonomous republics (SAP Kosovo and SAP Vojvodina). Yugoslavia broke with the Soviet Union in 1948, with Tito refusing to follow Joseph Stalin's orders. In 1974, a new constitution led to SAP Kosovo and SAP Vojvodina being granted almost equal status to the constituent republics. However, Tito's death in 1980 led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the country, and this nationalism and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989 led to the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991. On 27 April 1992, the federation broke up, with only Serbia and Montenegro remaining a part of the reconstituted Yugoslav federation, now known as FR Yugoslavia.