Moctezuma II

Moctezuma II (1466-29 June 1520), also known as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin ("Montezuma the Young") or Montezuma, was the Emperor of the Aztec Empire from 1502 to 1520, succeeding Ahuitzotl and preceding Cuitlahuac. He was the second-to-last emperor.

Biography
Moctezuma II was the son of Ahuitzotl and succeeded his father as Emperor of the Aztec Triple Alliance in 1502. Moctezuma fought a series of wars with the Tlaxcalans, and also resisted New Spain when they invaded Mexico in 1520. Moctezuma II resisted the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes, and although he defeated the Spanish in the Night of Sorrows, he was unable to hold Tenochtitlan against them. Moctezuma ordered his armies to withdraw, but his people instead threw rocks and darts at him, killing him.

His name is still used in Mexico in the phrase "Montezuma's Revenge", a common name for diarrhea. It came from the legend that he would one day get revenge on the Spanish, who gained the disease from drinking infected waters.