ETA

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), meaning "Basque Country and Freedom", was an armed Basque separatist organization that waged a guerrilla war against Spain from 31 July 1959 to 21 October 2011. The ETA transformed from a Basque cultural advocacy group into a paramilitary group that was responsible for bombings, assassinations, and kidnappings in the Basque Country region of northern Spain. The group made bomb-making a kind of art, and one of their most famous acts was the assassination of Prime Minister Luis Carrero Blanco on 20 December 1973 in a car bombing in Madrid. In 1989, 1996, 1998, 2006, and 2011, the ETA declared ceasefires with the government, and they announced a definitive cessation of their insurgency on 21 October 2011 as they entered talks with the government to achieve Basque self-determination.