Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd was a medieval Welsh kingdom that existed from the 5th century to 1216. The kingdom was established when the Gododdin tribe from Lothian conquered the Gwynedd region of northwestern Wales. The rulers of Gwynedd repeatedly rose to preeminence and were acclaimed as "King of the Britons" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. In 1063, Gruffyd ap Llywelyn's unitary kingdom was shattered by an Anglo-Saxon invasion, but it recovered in time to create the Principality of Wales in 1216.