Islamic studies

Islamic studies is the study of Islamic sciences (Islamic civilization, Islamic history and historiography, Islamic law, Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic theology, Islamic economics, Islamic science, and Islamic philosophy).

History
Islam was a religion founded by the prophet Muhammad after he claimed that the archangel Gabriel visited him and gave him revelations. Having several revelations, Muhammad spread the word of Allah to the people of Arabia during the course of the early 7th century, and gathered a large following. When the Quraysh of Mecca persecuted Muslims, Muhammad led the Muslims against the Quraysh and united Arabia under the banner of Islam. The Rashidun Caliphate, established after his death in 632, expanded into the Middle East, and its succeeding caliphates expanded as wide as Spain and India and southern Italy and Algeria. Unlike in Europe, where Christian priests managed education and preached the Bible's message as the base for all learning, in the Muslim world scholars kept Greek and Roman values. Although they had to pay the jizya tax, Christians and Jews were allowed to live in the caliphate while being exempt from military service, and the Muslim world became a mixture of cultures. Learning was a major part of the Islamic world, as explorers mapped out parts of the world that were far away from their homelands, and they brought goods and knowledge home with them. Islamic learning helped to advance technology in that part of the world, with the Muslims acquiring knowledge of cannons, gunpowder, firearms, paper money, and siege weapons due to their technological advances. The Muslims kept learning alive even after the Crusades and the Mongol Conquests ravaged their lands, and today, there are still many scholars who study Islamic sciences.