Ferdinand of Parma

Ferdinand of Parma (20 January 1751-9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla from 18 July 1765 to 9 October 1802, succeeding Philip and preceding Jean Jacques Regis de Cambaceres.

Biography
Ferdinand of Parma was born in Parma on 20 January 1751, the son of Duke Philip of Parma and Louise Elisabeth of France. He was the favorite grandson of his maternal grandfather, Louis XV of France, and he married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. During the French Revolutionary Wars, Parma was occupied by the French Republic, and Ferdinand ceded Parma to France in 1801 under the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso; his son Louis received the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (which became the Kingdom of Etruria), while the Habsburg Ferdinand III of Tuscany received the secularized territories of the Archbishopric of Salzburg in Austria. He died in Fontevivo in 1802, with poison being suspected.