East Francia

East Francia was the precursor state of the Holy Roman Empire, existing from 843 to 962, with Frankfurt and Ratisbon serving as capitals of the kingdom. The state was created as the result of the civil war between Charlemagne's grandsons, and the Treaty of Verdun led to the creation of West Francia, Lotharingia, and East Francia. East Francia was ruled by the Frankish House of Karling until 911, when Conrad I of Germany assumed the throne. In 962, Otto the Great was crowned Holy Roman Emperor, marking the transition of the Kingdom of East Francia into the Holy Roman Empire.