Ali ibn Husayn

Ali ibn Husayn (659-712) was the second caliph of Shia Islam from 680 to 712, succeeding Husayn ibn Ali and preceding Muhammad al-Baqir.

Biography
Ali ibn Husayn was born in 659 to a Shi'ite Muslim family of Bedouin, and was the son of Husayn ibn Ali. He survived his father's defeat at the Battle of Karbala in 680, and Ali was taken to the caliph in Damascus along with enslaved women. Eventually, he was allowed to return to Medina, where he lived a secluded life with few companions. He succeeded his father as the second imam of Shia Islam, believing in descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib instead of from the Umayyad Caliphate. Ali was succeeded by Muhammad al-Baqir.