Pope Clement IV

Pope Clement IV (23 November 1195-29 November 1268), born Guy Foucois, was Pope from 1265 to 1268, succeeding Pope Urban IV and preceding Pope Gregory X.

Biography
Guy Foucois was born on 23 November 1195 in Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in Languedoc in the Kingdom of France, and from 1262 to 1264 he served as the papal legate to the Kingdom of England. In 1265 he was consecrated as pope after the death of Pope Urban IV, and during his reign the Papal States had a rivalry with Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son and emperor of Emperor Frederick II of Germany. Clement reigned from Viterbo, as Rome was filled with Ghibelline (pro-Holy Roman Empire) cardinals that opposed him, and Clement invited Charles of Anjou to seize the Kingdom of Sicily for himself. In 1266 Manfred was killed at the Battle of Benevento by Charles, and Clement later disapproved of Charles' cruel actions after becoming king, but he refused to intercede when King Conrad II of Jerusalem was beheaded at the age of 16 for "treason" in 1268. Shortly after, Clement IV died.