Henry VI of England

Henry VI of England (6 December 1421-21 May 1471) was King of England from 31 August 1422 to 4 March 1461, succeeding Henry V of England and preceding Edward IV of England. Henry was a child when he inherited the throne, and England lost almost all of its lands in France in the last phase of the Hundred Years' War, which ended in 1453. As a result of the defeat in the war, Henry faced a rebellion by Richard of York and the "Yorkists", leading to the Wars of the Roses beginning in 1460. Henry was overthrown in 1461 and replaced by Edward IV of England, and he was briefly restored as king from 3 October 1470 to 11 April 1471. However, he was again deposed, and he was murdered in the Tower of London.

Biography
Henry was born on 6 December 1421, the only child of King Henry V of England and Catherine of Valois. He was only nine months old when he succeeded his father as King of England in August 1422, and the death of his maternal grandfather Charles VI of France on 21 October 1422 led to Henry becoming the de jure King of France. England was winning the Hundred Years' War by the time that he inherited the throne, but England was losing the war by the time that he had come of age to rule. In 1445, he married Margaret of Anjou in an attempt to make peace with France to end the war, but this attempt failed. His adviser William de la Pole conspired against him in 1448, and the next three years saw France take over almost all of England's lands in northern France, and De la Pole was beheaded by angry Englishmen. In 1453, the war came to an end after 116 years of conflict, leaving England with just Calais on the European continent. The failure of the war led to Richard of York rebelling in 1460 in the first of the Wars of the Roses, and on 4 March 1461 he was forced to yield power to Edward IV of England, his heir the Duke of York's son, after the Battle of Towton. Margaret of Anjou continued to resist the Yorkists, but Henry was captured in 1465 and imprisoned at the Tower of London. Richard Neville restored him to the throne in 1470, but he was killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury by the Lancastrians. Henry was again imprisoned, and he was murdered in the Tower of London on 21 May 1471.