Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II

Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1864-6 February 1939) was the last Sultan of Aceh, ruling from 1875 to 1903 (succeeding Alauddin Mahmud Syah II). Despite his long-lasting resistance, he was forced to surrender to the Netherlands in 1903.

Biography
Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah was the grandson of Sultan Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah. His father and grandfather died in rapid succession in 1870, so distant relative Alauddin Mahmud Syah II became the new ruler of the Aceh Sultanate. Alauddin Mahmud Syah died of cholera after the 1874 capture of Kutaraja by the Netherlands, leading to Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah becoming the new ruler in 1875. The Sultan supported the Muslim clerics' declaration of jihad against the Dutch, and he led a long-lasting war of resistance against the Dutch colonial authorities. The elite of the old capital, chiefs, religious leaders, and other people were united against the Dutch, and the Dutch began to co-opt local leaders and use new anti-guerrilla tactics during the 1890s. In 1902, the Sultan's wife was captured, and the Sultan surrendered to the Dutch on 10 January 1903, being provided with a comfortable house and allowance. However, he covertly assisted the Acehnese resistance movement, so he was exiled to Java and then Ambon Island. In 1918, he was allowed to settle in Jakarta, where he died in 1939.