Manabendra Nath Roy

Manabendra Nath Roy (21 March 1887-26 January 1954) was a founder of the Socialist Workers' Party of Mexico, the Mexican Communist Party, and the Communist Party of Mexico. Born in India to a family of Bengalis, Roy was influential in Marxist-Leninist politics in both Mexico and India, and he taught radical humanism until his death in 1954.

Biography
Manabendra Nath Roy was born on 21 March 1887 in Changripota, Bengal Presidency, British Raj to a family of Hindu Bengalis. He studied engineering and chemistry at the Bengal Technical Institute, and he was swept up in the revolutionary nationalist movement of India. He advanced the idea that Hinduism and Indian culture were better than anything that the West could offer, and he carried out political banditry to raise money for communist secret societies in India. Roy sought to lead an armed struggle against the United Kingdom in India with the assistance of the German Empire during World War I, and he later decided to head to Japan to gain their support. He met Sun Yat-sen in Japan after he had fled to Japan after the June 1913 Nanking uprising, and he later sailed for San Francisco in the United States with a French-Indian passport given to him by the Germans. During his stay in Palo Alto, California, he married an American woman and traveled throughout the country. In July 1917, he was forced to flee to Mexico after being bothered by British spies.

Roy founded the Socialist Workers' Party of Mexico in December 1917 and then the Mexican Communist Party in 1919, forming the first communist party outside of Russia. Later, he joined Comintern's presidium and founded military and political schools in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR in the Soviet Union; in October 1920, he founded the Communist Party of India. Roy did not agree with Josef Stalin, and he left Russia with Nikolai Bukharin to avoid being executed. In December 1929, he was expelled from the Comintern at the same time as Bukharin's fall from grace. During World War II, he decided to side with France and the United Kingdom against fascist Italy and Nazi Germany rather than collaborate with the fascists to fight for Indian independence. He believed that India could only win its independence in a free world, and he would see India win its independence in 1947. He died in 1954 in India.