Emirate of Nejd

The Emirate of Nejd was a state that existed in the Arabian Peninsula from 1824 to 1891, with Riyadh serving as its capital. The emirate was founded when Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad, the head of the House of Saud (the rulers of the Emirate of Diriyah before its 1818 conquest by the Egypt Eyalet), expelled the Egyptian forces from Riyadh and created the Second Saudi State. From 1838 to 1840, the Egyptians reconquered Nejd, installing Khalid ibn Saud as a puppet ruler. However, external conflicts with the Ottoman Empire forced the Egyptians to withdraw their troops from the peninsula, allowing for Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah al-Saud to retake Riyadh and resume his rule. In 1891, the Emirate of Jabal Shammar defeated Nejd at the Battle of Mulayda, and Jabal Shammar conquered Nejd. In 1902, the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was created in Riyadh as the "Third Saudi State".