Arabia Petraea

Arabia Petraea was a province of the Roman Empire which existed from 106 to 636, with Petra and Bostra serving as its capitals. It was established after the annexation of Nabatea, and it included the Nabatean lands in Jordan, the southern Levant, the Sinai, and the northwestern Arabian Peninsula. As a frontier province, it included a desert populated by Arabic tribes, and it was occasionally attacked by the Parthians and Palmyrenes. During the 630s AD, it was conquered by the Muslim Rashidun Caliphate.