Joe Medicine Crow

Joe Medicine Crow (27 October 1913-3 April 2016) was a Crow war chief and historian. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving Plains Indian warchief.

Biography
Joe Medicine Crow was born in Lodge Grass, Montana in 1913 to the Crow people, and he served in the US Army during World War II. During that war, he became the last Plains Indian war chief, carrying out the four tasks required of a war chief: touching an enemy without killing him, taking an enemy's weapons, leading a successful war party, and stealing an enemy's horse. He later stole 50 horses from a German SS camp, singing the traditional Crow honor song as he rode off. In 1948, he became tribal historian and anthropologist, and he was the "keeper of memories" of his tribe. He was awarded the PResidential Medal of Freedom in 2009, and he died in 2016 at the age of 102.