Earl Warren

Earl Warren (19 March 1891-9 July 1974) was Governor of California (R) from 4 January 1943 to 5 October 1953 (succeeding Culbert Olson and preceding Goodwin Knight) and Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court from 5 October 1953 to 23 June 1969 (succeeding Fred M. Vinson and preceding Warren E. Burger). He was one of the most liberal Chief Justices, and he presided over the Supreme Court's refashioning of US civil rights in the 1960s.

Biography
Earl Warren was born in Los Angeles, California in 1891, the son of a Californian railroad worker, and he obtained a BA from the University of California in 1912, gained his JD in 1914, and was also awarded an LL D in that year. He became attorney-general of California and then governor in 1943. He served as a Republican until 1952, running as a vice-presidential candidate in 1948. In 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him Chief Justice in the expectation that he would be a moderate conservative influence on the court. In fact, he presided over the decisions which outlawed segregation, increased the rights of defendants (Miranda v. Arizona), curtailed the powers of federal investigators, and reformed the criminal system with the application of the Fourteenth Amendment "due process" clause of the US Constitution. Warren's court used the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to alter the political and social landscape of America. He also chaired the Warren Commission, which investigated the murder of John F. Kennedy. He retired in 1969, and he died in 1974.