Umar II

Umar II (2 November 682-31 January 720) was Caliph from 717 to 720, succeeding Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and preceding Yazid II.

Biography
Umar was born on 2 November 682, the son of Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan. Umar was the grandson of Marwan I, and he was born in Medina. His cousin Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik chose Umar as his successor, and Umar abolished drinking, forbade public nudity, enforced the fair dispension of zakat, and separated male and female bathrooms. During his reign, the Arabs unsuccessfully besieged the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. He was poisoned in 720 due to his popular reforms, with the nobility opposing him.