Tughlaq dynasty

The Tughlaq dynasty was a Muslim Turkish dynasty that ruled over the Delhi Sultanate of medieval India from 1320 to 1413. The dynasty was founded by Punjab governor Gazi Malik, who was invited by the nobility to seize power from Sultan Khusro Khan of the Khalji dynasty. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded in expanding the sultanate's borders, and the empire reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. The dynasty's rule was marked with torture, cruelty, and rebellions, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the dynasty after 1335. The lowest point for the dynasty came in 1398, when Timur defeated four armies of the sultanate before sacking Delhi; the Timurids plundered the city for eight days, massacred its population, and killed over 100,000 prisoners. Timur appointed Khizr Khan as the Governor of Delhi, and he captured Delhi in 1414, leading to the creation of the Sayyid dynasty.