Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League

The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) is a black nationalist fraternal organization founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey. The organization was founded with the aim of encouraging racial pride and black unity through the slogan "Africa for the Africans at Home and Abroad". By 1919, the UNIA claimed a membership of 2,000,000, and it also had a newspaper, Negro World, a Negro Factory Corporation, and a shipping line called Black Star Line. The UNIA's followers were resented by W.E.B. DuBois and more moderate blacks, leading to clashes during the 1920s. After Garvey's deportation, the UNIA's prestige and influence declined.