Cai E's Faction

Cai E's Faction was the ruling faction of the Yunnan Clique of southern China during the Xinhai Revolution and its aftermath (the 1910s). Led by Cai E, the faction advocated for a strong central government, homogeneity, and a strong foreign policy, and Cai E was considered to be a Qing reactionary; he supported Yuan Shikai until Yuan proclaimed that he was a monarch. Cai E would help to overthrow him during the National Protection War, and he died in 1916, not long after his victory.